The landscape of responsible and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investing is nuanced and diverse, characterised by a variety of terms and approaches. Organisations such as the CFA Institute, Global Sustainable Investment Alliance (GSIA), and Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) offer varying definitions and frameworks, reflecting the evolving nature of this field.

An ESG score quantitatively represents a company's performance in Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors. It is a critical tool for investors and stakeholders to assess how well a company adheres to responsible and sustainable business practices. The following is a detailed breakdown of the components, calculation, and measurement of ESG scores.

The alcohol industry, long a cornerstone of social culture and economic activity, is increasingly under scrutiny from ethical investors who are evaluating the social and environmental impacts of their portfolios.

The shift towards renewable energy has become a defining movement of the 21st century, driven by the urgent need to address climate change, reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and create a sustainable future. This transition is underpinned by technological advancements, supportive policies, and growing awareness of environmental and economic benefits. This article looks at the current state of renewable energy, the driving factors behind its adoption, and the challenges that lie ahead.

Deforestation remains one of the most pressing environmental issues of our time, with vast tracts of forest being cleared for agriculture, urban development, and logging. This widespread deforestation leads to loss of biodiversity, disruption of ecosystems, and significant contributions to climate change. Amid this crisis, sustainable forestry emerges as a potential solution, offering a way to balance economic interests with environmental stewardship.

The fossil fuel industry, encompassing oil, coal, and natural gas, has been the backbone of global energy production for over a century. Its role in powering industrialisation, transportation, and electricity generation is undeniable. However, the environmental and societal impacts of fossil fuels have become increasingly concerning, prompting debates on investment strategies within the sector. This article explores the environmental consequences of fossil fuel use, its societal implications, and the reasons behind both investment and divestment decisions.

Genetic engineering, also known as genetic modification, involves directly manipulating an organism's DNA to alter its characteristics in a specific way. This technology has revolutionised fields like medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology by enabling the creation of organisms with desired traits. However, it also raises significant ethical, societal, and environmental concerns that influence investor decisions.

Investing in the tobacco industry presents a significant moral dilemma for investors. This article explores the ethical implications of such investments, considering the health, environmental, and social costs associated with the tobacco sector. It also examines why many investors choose to avoid this industry despite its historical profitability.

The AI boom is likely to drive a surge in energy consumption after decades of sluggish demand. Powering energy-hungry data centres has become a significant bottleneck within the AI capex cycle. We take a closer look at the implications for global energy and gas markets, but also highlight various potential beneficiaries across different industries.

Small-scale nuclear reactors, commonly known as Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), represent a notable innovation in nuclear energy technology. These reactors are designed to be more flexible, cost-effective, and safer compared to traditional large-scale nuclear reactors. Here is a detailed exploration of what SMRs are, how they differ from conventional reactors, and their potential environmental and societal impacts.